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- <text id=90TT1217>
- <title>
- May 14, 1990: Israel:Time For An Overhaul
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- May 14, 1990 Sakharov Memoirs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 38
- ISRAEL
- Time for an Overhaul
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Disgusted with the nation's political paralysis, many Israelis
- are demanding electoral reform. Here are some sensible options
- </p>
- <p>By Jon D. Hull/Jerusalem--With reporting by Robert
- Slater/Jerusalem
- </p>
- <p> Britain has Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park. The U.S. has an
- alternative press. But in Israel it is the parliament that
- serves as the country's platform for outrageous minority views.
- With only 1% of the vote--just 22,000 ballots in 1988--needed to win a seat, the 120-member Knesset must give house
- room to a stunning variety of opinions in an exceptionally
- opinionated nation. Its 15 parties offer something for
- everyone: ultra-Orthodox rabbis who disdain Israeli statehood,
- Zionist leftists and Arab communists who support Palestinian
- statehood, and right-wing extremists who want to expel the
- Palestinians.
- </p>
- <p> That diversity can make for great theater, but it is a
- political disaster for a nation that lacks any clear consensus.
- For the past eight weeks, Israel has been effectively without
- a government as first Labor and then Likud attempted to patch
- together a ruling majority. Both parties' shameless display of
- vote buying has reached a new low, discrediting Israeli-style
- democracy at home and abroad. In his Independence Day address
- last week, President Chaim Herzog warned that the current
- "political machinations make an absolute mockery of the
- principles of democracy." Herzog was later handed petitions
- signed by 500,000 Israelis--nearly 10% of the population--demanding that he initiate electoral reform. Popular protest
- has been growing steadily. Last month 250,000 rallied in Tel
- Aviv to denounce the political system; this week protesters
- plan to hold a mass demonstration at the Knesset. Says lawyer
- Eliad Shraga, who has been staging a vigil outside Herzog's
- house in Jerusalem: "We need a skipper who will take us to the
- left or to the right." Otherwise, he fears, "we will reach a
- state of anarchy."
- </p>
- <p> The electoral-reform movement emerged after Prime Minister
- Yitzhak Shamir's national-unity government collapsed last March
- in bitter disagreement over the peace process. Since then, the
- two main blocs and the handful of small religious parties that
- hold the balance of power have engaged in an especially crude
- game of barter. The five-member Liberal party demanded a $10
- million bond to guarantee that a Likud-led coalition would
- stick to promises swapped for Liberal support. Labor leader
- Shimon Peres spent five weeks trying to purchase his own
- majority with generous offers of ministries and money to the
- religious parties.
- </p>
- <p> Now Shamir is trying to form a narrow coalition with the
- demanding right wing. To woo it, his caretaker government has
- been raiding the nation's coffers to build new Jewish
- settlements in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Christian
- quarter of Jerusalem. "Our leadership is morally unworthy of
- leading this country," says Uriel Reichman, dean of the law
- faculty at Tel Aviv University.
- </p>
- <p> No party has ever won a majority under Israel's system of
- proportional representation, which also perpetuates the
- dominance of longtime leaders. The candidates are chosen by the
- party, voters cast their ballots for a party, and parliamentary
- seats are allotted to each faction according to its share of
- the total vote. Since the mid-1980s, the electorate has been
- evenly split between right and left, making a decisive outcome
- all but impossible.
- </p>
- <p> Three major reforms would break the deadlock by
- strengthening the premiership, reducing the number of smaller
- parties and increasing the accountability of politicians:
- </p>
- <p>-- Direct election of the Prime Minister. Unruly coalitions
- make for weak leadership. Presidential-style balloting would
- give the Prime Minister a personal mandate from the voters,
- enabling him to make tough decisions unfettered by coalition
- agreements, and would make him answerable to the public.
- </p>
- <p>-- Regional representation. Knesset members are accountable
- only to the party; a constituency system would require them to
- speak for the voters. But full regional representation would
- also require safeguards to ensure that Israeli-Arab and
- ultra-Orthodox Jewish voters were not wholly disfranchised.
- </p>
- <p>-- Raising the threshold for a Knesset seat from 1% to at
- least 4%. This would dramatically reduce the number of small
- parties represented.
- </p>
- <p> Since Knesset members have a vested interest in the current
- system, none of these reforms stand much chance of passage in
- the coming months. Moreover, Labor and Likud would have to work
- together--an unlikely prospect--to steamroller the
- necessary bills past the smaller parties. And even if reform
- succeeded, it would not alleviate the profound divisions within
- the Israeli electorate. "The Messiah won't come through
- changing the system of elections," says Rabbi Abraham Ravitz,
- whose Degel Hatorah party holds two seats. But at least the
- nation would be guided from the top by leaders chosen by the
- people.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-